How fast does suspension trauma happen?
In this question I asked about suspension trauma and why it's effects come to be. Apparently the main reason is reduced blood flow/ circulation. This is due to
- blood vessels being constrained/pressed on by the harness,
- lack of movement in leg and feet muscles aggravating the problem.
My question now is this:
- How fast will suspension trauma happen?
- How quickly does one have to react would one be confronted with such situation where a group member is suspended and cannot immediately self-rescue or be rescued?
Wikipedia mentions: "Onset of symptoms may be after just a few minutes, but usually occurs after at least 20 minutes of free hanging." 20 minutes doesn't seem a whole lot of time!
The point I'm getting at:
- How long should we wait/try rescue until we have to start using increasingly desperate measures to save the suspended persons life by getting them off the suspension?
In case this helps, let's assume the following hypothetical scenario: a party of 2 climbers on a multi-pitch climb. The weather is good and decently warm (i.e. no additional problems because of cold temperatures, winds, ...).
This post was sourced from https://outdoors.stackexchange.com/q/15872. It is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.
1 answer
The wikipedia page you quote should be right, of course this may vary by situation and person. So The asnwer to "how fast" is "about 20 minutes". This is indeed not a whole lot of time. When it is clear that within the next few minutes the person can not be lowered to the ground by normal means, rescue should start immediately.
If the person is conscious, she/he should try to keep some movement of the legs, especially against some resistance, if ground is not avialable. A good thing would be a loop of webbing or rope, which is attached to the rope (e.g. via prussik) so that the person can actively stand in it (and change load between right and left leg).
An unconscious person has to be lowered to ground as fast as safely (and sanely) possible. Or, if achievable, pulled up. This is excessively more difficult, but could be the only option (how to pull someone up in such a situation I asked here)
If this is not immediately possible, anything which alleviates the problem at least a little bit is welcome:
- the height differential between legs and torso is a main problem, so if the body can be brought in a more horizontal position this would help
- the constriction of the blood flow by the leg loops of the harness is another problem, so if something sturdy like a board is available, shoving it into the leg loops so that the person "sits" on it will help. The pressure in the leg tissue is so more evenly distributed which should improve blood flow a bit.
After rescued to the ground, DON'T lay the person completely down, keep her/him with the torso upright. The reason is to not to overwhelm the circulation system with a big volume of blood depleted of oxygen and also possibly enriched with buildup of other substances. This can otherwise lead to a situation called "Bergungstod" in Germany (death after rescue).
The rescuing person should always keep her own safety as top priority
This post was sourced from https://outdoors.stackexchange.com/a/15875. It is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.
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