To locals without a tide chart, how surprising are tides?
People have put a lot of work into predicting tides. To a local, who knows the conditions of a certain area, are tide tables really necessary? How surprising are the tides ever going to be to someone who's been sailing the same bay for decades?
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As other have said, tides should not be surprising to locals, which makes sense as tide tables are not designed to be used by locals. They are intended for people a) to whom tides are important, that b) are not familiar with the local tides, and that c) intended to visit at some point in the future. Unless all three conditions apply, tide tables will be of little or no interest.
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As someone that lives, works, and plays in a coastal area in Florida, I can say that I qualify as a local. The answer is nearly never. You would hardly ever be surprised by the tide. It becomes a lot like being surprised by the position of the sun. You may, on occasion notice it's later then you thought it was, but the "fact" that it's later isn't a big surprise. Tides are the same way. They don't shift around much day to day. So you may get taken off guard when you spend 8 hours doing a 2 hour task, but the fact that the tide has changed isn't really a surprise.
Now I say nearly never because there are three important times that I can think of where the need to be precise is so important that the water height at a given time can actually be surprising.
Storm (hurricane) conditions. Knowing when high tide is in combination with the storm's route can help you choose a better place to harbor your boat. Of course it's all guess work, but if you have to harbor you boat in a storm, then being able to guess where can be important. The other side to this is that the answer is almost always Boat no go in storm, move boat out of storm path and with a weeks worth or more of warning time, it's really not that hard to do.
Flood Conditions. After a storm, predicting flood conditions can be useful. Specially if you're in an area along an estuary. The height difference in water height could be "a gap big enough to sandbag an area". Not specifically tied to boating but important none the less.
Areas that are impassable. There are a few areas that getting even a small boat in or out requires you do so at high tide. The small difference in draft can make the difference between bottoming out and a smooth trip. Usually if you use one of these places you know, (though I see a ton of people get stuck because they "follow the guy on front of them" without realizing his boat is sitting higher.) and it's not like the range is only a few moments. Usually it's a few hours on both sides of high tide.
So essentially, a tide table is mostly useless in local waters (for locals). Having a general idea about when high or low tide is - is useful, but you can almost always get that off the radio/tv/internet/whatever. If your in local waters your not likely to be surprised by the tide because it either doesn't matter, or it matters so much that your entire trip is planned around it. It's more likely you loose track of time, and thus get surprised (or stuck) because of that, then because you didn't know about the tides.
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Tides are generally not surprising - they do not change much in amplitude from one day to the next, and the peaks happen slightly less than an hour later each day.
The amplitude of the tides mostly follows the phase of the moon. The highest tides happen on the full moon and the new moon, with slack tides in between.
Tide tables are useful for predicting what the tides will be months or even years in the future.
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