Thermal insulation of truck cap
I have a cap over the back of my truck and spend many nights a year camping and sleeping in the back rather than setting up a tent. I really like sleeping in it, saves the tent setup effort and gives my truck an aspect of multi-purposeness and self-sufficiency. The cap is fiberglass and the bed has a plastic liner over it.
The only problem is that it's not at all thermally insulated (save the sleeping bag you're in) and my favorite camping is in the mid Appalachian mountain area where the temps at night go freezing as early as now and often get down even much lower. I have spent a night in around-zero weather (30ish give or take) in my 15 deg bag and a fleece union suit and I didn't enjoy it too much and I'm not even that cold sensitive.
So I'd like to go and camp a few more times this year until maybe early December. Is there a portable (so it's not permanent) solution to add some thermal insulation to the inside walls of my truck cap to make it sustain down to about 20 deg outside weather while keeping it around 40 inside. Since the space is not all that large (6' bed on a Tacoma) and the roof of the cap is regular, I imagine my body could warm up the area as long as this prospective insulating solution was in place.
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You might want to look at Reflectix, an thin, well-insulating material used for car windshield shades, among other things. You can get it at any hardware store.
My only concern would be that it's not breathable, but I suppose neither is your cap.
For the floor, conventional camping sleeping pads are probably the best bet.
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One thing to consider, You could use an adhesive thermal insulating liner on the underside of the bed cap, it would be semi-permanent but i don't see it causing any adverse affects if left in place year round.
If the bed liner is one of the one piece plastic liners you could try removing it, adding a layer of Dynamat beneath the liner covering the entire bed and then re-install the plastic liner over the top. This material could be used for the bed and the cap, it is made to dampen sound and insulate the inside of vehicles from heat from the engine bay/firewall but would work equally well at keeping it inside. It comes in various thickness and can be installed yourself pretty easily.
The only down side is if you sleep with the cap on in summer it could get a little toasty.
Here is an image of some installed to give you an idea of its pliable nature.
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I'd probably go with a foam roll mat under you, as your biggest heat loss well be conduction through the metal bed.
As the space isn't that great, the cap shouldn't need insulation, but this will depend on your sleeping bag.
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It makes more sense to insulate you than the whole back of the truck.
Get a foam pad to put under your sleeping bag. You say there is a plastic liner, but a real sleeping pad should insulate much better than the liner.
As for losing heat from the top, get a warmer sleeping bag or just put a blanket over the existing one on cold nights. You've got a whole truck, so carrying a extra blanket or two shouldn't be a problem. With the blankets, you can tune your insulation to the temperature.
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