How big a fall is a "major" fall?
I answered a question about rope safety with some advice about retiring the rope after a "major" fall. Another user asked me what would constitute a major fall - and I have to admit that I can only give a gut feeling about this, not any properly referenced answer.
Personally, I'd be wary of a rope that took a significant fall of more than several metres, and a number of shorter drops - but is there some more definitive answer? Perhaps manufacturers advise on how much strain their ropes could take before retirement?
This post was sourced from https://outdoors.stackexchange.com/q/1948. It is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.
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There are several factors you should considering when judging the severity of a fall.
The most important is the fall factor. That's the distance of the fall (where the climbers started minus where they ended up) divided by the amount of rope between the climber and belayer. In most climbing situations, fall factors are relatively small. A fall factor of 1.0 or above would start to worry me, and the UIAA fall factor of 1.77 is the metric by which your rope is rated (some number of UIAA falls). Wikipedia has a very good description of fall factors if you're looking for more information.
The second factor you should consider is rope abrasion. As the climber falls, the rope stretches a lot, and the rope also rubs against whatever it was resting on (including carabiners, rock, trees, etc...). If the rope were rubbing against a sharp rock, a worn carabiner with nicks, or something else that is sharp, you might end up with a rope which has physical damage. This damage will occur primarily in the sheath, and can lead to a core shot in the rope. If the rope is damaged during a fall, then it is time to retire it.
The important thing to notice is that the fall distance has no impact on the severity of the fall. You can take huge whippers all you want, if enough rope is out (low fall factor) and the rope isn't rubbing on anything sharp (no abrasion) then the fall is safe for the rope (though you might decrease its life span, but that's another discussion).
This post was sourced from https://outdoors.stackexchange.com/a/1965. It is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.
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Perhaps manufacturers advise on how much strain their ropes could take before retirement?
Yup, they do. The rating is given in terms of UIAA falls, which are pretty "major" falls. A UIAA fall is one with a fall factor of 1.77 and the weight is 80kg - or typically a pretty big fall with a pretty big guy.
This related question may also provide some information: Climbing rope is rated to X UIAA falls. What is a UIAA fall?
This post was sourced from https://outdoors.stackexchange.com/a/1949. It is licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.
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